Energy consumption per capita is 2.3 toe (27% below the EU average), including 3 300 kWh of electricity, i.e. around 41% below the EU average (2017).
Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)
Total energy consumption has been declining slightly since 2007 (-1.6%/year between 2007 and 2015) and remained stable between 2015 and 2017, reaching 4.4 Mtoe. It increased ...
Latvia does not have a refinery. It imports all its refined products by rail and pipeline from Russia, Belarus and the Lithuanian refinery of Mazeikiai. Oil product imports increased steadily (+7.3%/year) between 2010 and 2015, reaching 2.7 Mt in 2015, but they dipped by 1.3% in 2016 and by 4.8% in 2017 (2.6 Mt). Its geographical location makes Latvia an important transit area for oil ...
The demand for oil products, which fell by 5.3%/year between 2007 and 2012, has been recovering slightly since then, staying close to 1.3 Mt/year since 2013). In 2017, it grew by 3.5% to 1.4 Mt.
Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Transport accounts for nearly 3/4 of oil product consumption (75% in 2017), the residential-tertiary-agriculture sector for 15% and industry for 10% ...
Natural gas consumption, which rose by 3%/year over the 2000-2010 period, contracted until 2014 (-7.9%/year) and stabilised until 2016 around 1.3 bcm. In 2017, it declined by 12% to 1.2 bcm.
The power sector, which accounts for more than 60% of total gas consumption (61% in 2017), is the main driver of gas demand: in 2014, a change in support mechanisms for large CHP plants reduced ...
Coal and lignite consumption has halved since 2011 (-59% between 2011 and 2017) after a tenfold decrease between 1990 and 2004 (reduced use for CHP and heat plants). It is now marginal in Latvia's energy mix (less than 2%, 0.1 Mt in 2017)
Graph: COAL CONSUMPTION (Mt)
Industry is the main consumer (55% of the demand in 2017), followed by the residential-tertiary sector ...
Electricity consumption soared between 2000 and 2007 (+5.7%/year, reaching 6.6 TWh) and has stopped increasing since then. Since 2013, electricity consumption has remained broadly stable at around 6.5 TWh. In 2017, it dipped by 1.2% to 6.4 TWh.
Graph: ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (TWh)
Services dominate the electricity consumption (43%); they are followed by industry (28%), ...
According to the target set by the European Directive, renewables should account for 40% of final energy consumption (37% achieved) in 2016 and for nearly 60% of electricity consumption in 2020. The Strategy 2030 raised this share to 50% in 2030.
Latvia offers financial support for the conversion from fossil fuels to renewables. Feed-in tariffs (FiTs) for wind, biomass and biogas, ...
Latvia's Kyoto target was easily achieved since in 2012 GHG emissions were 40% below their 1992 level (compared to a reduction target of 8% compared to 1992). GHG emissions fell until 2000 and have remained relatively stable at around 10-12 MtCO2eq since then; they were 44% below 1992 level in 2016 (10.6 MtCO2eq).
CO2 emissions from energy combustion have followed a similar trend and ...
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