Latvia

Energy consumption per capita is 2.1 toe (32% below the EU average), including 3 320 kWh of electricity, i.e. 41% below the EU average (2015).

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

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Latvia does not have a refinery. It imports all its refined products by rail and pipeline from Russia, Belarus and the Lithuanian refinery of Mazeikiai. Oil product imports have been increasing steadily since 2010 (+6.6%/year), reaching 2.6 Mt in 2015, but they dipped by 2% in 2016 (66% diesel...

The demand for oil products, which fell by 5.3%/year between 2007 and 2012, has been recovering slightly since then (+2.8%/year until 2015). Oil product consumption increased by 5.4% in 2015 and by 2.1% in 2016, with diesel sales rising by 5.1% (-2% for gasoline).

Graph: OIL CONSUMPTION (...

Natural gas consumption, which rose by 3%/year over the 2000-2010 period, contracted until 2014 (-7.9%/year) and has been recovering since them (+3.5% in 2016), reaching 1.4 bcm in 2016.

The power sector, which accounts for more than 60% of total gas consumption (63% in 2015), is the main...

Coal consumption decreased tenfold between 1990 and 2004 (reduced use for CHP and heat plants). It has fallen by half since 2011 (-54% between 2011 and 2015). According to preliminary data, coal demand fell again in 2013, by 9%, and remains marginal in Latvia's energy mix (less than 2%).

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According to the target set by the European Directive, renewable energy should account for 40% of final energy consumption and for nearly 60% of electricity consumption in 2020. The Strategy 2030 raised this share to 50% in 2030.

Latvia offers financial support for the conversion from...