Latvia

Energy consumption per capita is 2.2 toe (28% below the EU average), including 3 370 kWh of electricity, i.e. 39% below the EU average (2014).

Graph: CONSUMPTION TRENDS BY ENERGY SOURCE (Mtoe)

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Latvia does not have a refinery. It imports all its refined products by rail and pipeline from Russia, Belarus and the Lithuanian refinery of Mazeikiai. Oil product imports have been increasing steadily since 2010 (+6.4%/year), reaching 2.3 Mt in 2014 (63% diesel and 9% gasoline). Oil product...

The demand for oil products, which fell by 5.3%/year between 2007 and 2012, has been recovering slightly since then (+3.6% until 2014). Oil product consumption increased by 4% in 2015, with diesel sales rising by 6%. Oil consumption increased at the rapid pace of 3.3%/year, on average, over 2000...

Natural gas consumption has been generally declining since 2006, after a 4.4% hike over the 2000-2006 period. Since 2010, gas sales have fallen by 28%, from 1.8 bcm in 2010 to 1.3 bcm in 2014; they even contracted by 10% in 2014, owing to warmer temperatures and to a change in support mechanisms...

Coal consumption decreased tenfold between 1990 and 2005 (reduced use for CHP and heat plants). It increased slightly between 2006 and 2011 (despite a 22% fall in 2009) but has been falling again since then (-43% between 2011 and 2014). According to preliminary data, coal demand fell again in...

According to the target set by the European Directive, renewable energy should account for 40% of final energy consumption and for nearly 60% of electricity consumption in 2020. The Strategy 2030 raises this share to 50% in 2030. According to Latvia's Energy Development Guidelines 2007-2016,...